increased immigration, mostly from Eastern Europe (in particular Lithuania). By the year 1901 there were an estimated 3,771 Jews in Ireland, over half of them (2,200) residing in Dublin, and by 1904 the total Jewish population had reached an estimated 4,800. As Ireland was part of the United Kingdom at this time, the Jewish community benefited from the British government's emancipation laws.

The anti-Semitic boycott in Limerick in the first decade of the 20th century is known as the Limerick Pogrom, and caused many Jews to leave the city. It was instigated by an influential fundamentalist Catholic priest, Fr. John Creagh of the Redemptorist Order. He was moved by his superiors to an island in the Pacific Ocean soon after, and he died in Wellington, New Zealand in 1947. Joe Briscoe, son of the late Robert Briscoe, Irish Jewish politician, describes the Limerick episode as “an aberration in an otherwise almost perfect history of Ireland and its treatment of the Jews”. Robert Briscoe, twice Lord Mayor of Dublin (1956 – 1957 & 1961 – 1962) was a prominent member of the IRA during the Irish War of Independence. The Blueshirts of the 1930s were, at least partially, anti-semitic. Gerald Goldberg (1912-2003), who was born in Cork, related an incident on the RTÉ documentary "A Corkman, an Irishman and a Jew". When he was a student at UCC he rose to speak at a debate, the auditor silenced him, as he was a "foreigner" and only "Irishmen" were permitted to speak. He left, and although he wished to forget the incident, other students led by the son of the martyred Sinn Féin Lord Mayor, Thomas Mac Curtain, insisted that he return. The hall was filled with Mac Curtain supporters from the student membership of the IRA. The auditor was silenced and Gerald Goldberg made his speech. He suffered no